The No Surprises Act is a prime example of legislation in a country where the legal system is based more on case law than statutes. While Brazil’s legal system originates from Civil Law, the United States follows Common Law. However, U.S. laws are often very well-drafted, especially in terms of their applicability. In this context, it is important to consider the role of the judiciary, which operates under the punitive principle, unlike Brazil's compensatory system, which is less effective.

Since the Dodd-Frank Act was enacted in the United States in 2010, the role of whistleblowers has proven crucial in helping authorities prevent fraud, bribery, and other legal violations. This is because the government lacks the personnel and resources to efficiently monitor the market on its own.

A significant concern in the healthcare sector is the potential conflict of interest between the pharmaceutical and medical products industry and healthcare professionals, particularly physicians. This potential conflict arises from the unique nature of the relationship: while the industry’s end customer is the patient, it is the physician who decides which product the patient will use. At the same time, patients pay physicians to prescribe the best treatment for their well-being.

The First Panel of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice unanimously decided, under the report of Justice Regina Helena Costa, in the appellate decision on Special Appeal #2035645/DF, that Anvisa (the Brazilian FDA) does not have the regulatory authority to restrict the commercial advertising of pharmaceuticals by companies. This applies especially when its regulatory actions contradict the provisions established in Law #9,294/1996 and other legislative acts.

It is well-known that certain market sectors impose additional barriers when hiring women. This is often due to concerns that, during pregnancy, employees may need to take time off for childbirth, utilizing maternity leave. Complications during pregnancy can also arise, potentially weakening the workforce and prompting companies to hire temporary workers to cover the absence.

There is a growing global concern regarding the protection of personal data for individuals, given the rapid technological advances that geographically universalize information and could have considerable impacts on citizens' lives. Brazil, following the global trend, enacted its General Data Protection Act (LGPD) in August 2018, which came into force in September 2020, except for its penalties, which only came into force in August 2021.

The National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published Resolution CD/ANPD #18/2024, dated July 16, 2024, which sought to fill an important gap in detailing the activities of the Data Protection Officer and the responsibilities of data processing agents that support their activities.

Law #14.874 was enacted on May 28, 2024, providing guidelines for research involving human subjects and establishing the National System of Ethics in research involving human subjects. This statutory framework is of utmost importance as it defines the rights of volunteers and outlines the responsibilities for researchers and sponsors of clinical research.

The Brazilian FDA, ANVISA, approved Rule RDC #875 of May 28, 2024, which provided, in an ancillary manner, for the registration of biosimilars through the comparability development route, aiming to guarantee the quality, safety, and efficacy of these products.

In contrast to Mercosur, which struggles to evolve from an economic bloc to a political and monetary union due to challenges in socio-political integration caused by alternating conservative and progressive governments, the European Union continues to demonstrate efficiency in integrating its member countries. Despite the United Kingdom's departure, the EU remains committed to regulating fundamental issues related to the incorporation of new technologies, which will significantly impact personal, educational, and professional relationships. We are specifically discussing Artificial Intelligence (AI).